Least Cost Path Analysis

This lab used raster-based spatial analysis to model landscape resistance and identify potential movement corridors for grizzly bears in western Alberta. Multiple environmental factors like slope, land cover, and proximity to roads, were processed and combined to create a weighted cost surface representing barriers to movement. A least-cost path analysis was then performed to estimate the most efficient travel route between core and secondary habitat areas.

Workflow

Step 1 – Prepare Spatial Datasets for Analysis

Elevation, land cover, and road network datasets were processed and aligned to a common coordinate system, spatial resolution, and study extent defined by the Yellowhead Bear Management Area in western Alberta. ASTER digital elevation tiles were mosaicked and clipped to the study area, while land cover and road datasets were reprojected and prepared for raster analysis.

Step 2 – Derive Terrain and Habitat Resistance Layers

Slope was calculated from elevation to represent terrain difficulty, while the land cover dataset was reclassified to reflect the relative suitability of different landscape types for grizzly bear movement.

Step 3 – Model Human Disturbance and Generate a Landscape Cost Surface

Road networks were used to calculate the distance to roads across the study area, representing potential disturbance from human activity. Terrain, land cover, and road proximity layers were then combined using a weighted overlay to produce a single cost surface representing landscape resistance to grizzly bear movement.

Step 4 – Identify Potential Wildlife Movement Corridors

Least-cost path analysis was performed using defined core and secondary habitat locations to identify the most efficient route for movement across the landscape. The resulting path highlights areas where landscape conditions may facilitate connectivity between important grizzly bear habitats.